别问，问就是闲的 python用了一年半了，我说这是我第一次自己写class你信吗hhh
当然写这个主要是因为这里面包括了很多以后可能需要的东西，比如多线程socket连接，以及后面的改进内容里的线程锁等等等，里面也有一些无关紧要的东西比如base64”加密“，反正很简单加进去就完了hhh也许将来无聊直接给他写成https加密呢，那样加密就不用带引号了
程序 服务端 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 import socket import sys import threading import time import json import base64 class ChatSever: def __init__(self): self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.addr = ("0.0.0.0", 12345) self.users = {} self.rooms = {} def start_sever(self): try: self.sock.bind(self.addr) except Exception as e: print(e) self.sock.listen(1024) print("服务器已开启，等待连接...") self.accept_cont() def accept_cont(self): while True: s, addr = self.sock.accept() client_note = json.loads(base64.b64decode(s.recv(1024)).decode("gbk")) room_id = client_note["room_id"] name = client_note["name"] self.users[addr] = [s, room_id, name] if room_id in self.rooms: self.rooms[room_id].append(name) else: self.rooms[room_id] = [name] print("{}连接成功，{}已加入房间{}，其中有{}位用户:{}，当前连接的用户共有{}".format(addr, name, room_id, len(self.rooms[room_id]) , self.rooms[room_id], len(self.users))) threading.Thread(target=self.recv_send, args=(s, addr, name, room_id)).start() def recv_send(self, sock, addr, name, room_id): sock.send(base64.b64encode("您已成功加入房间{}，当前房间内有{}位用户：{}".format(room_id, len(self.rooms[room_id]) , self.rooms[room_id]).encode('gbk'))) for client in self.users.values(): if client[1] == room_id: client[0].send( base64.b64encode("{}：用户{}加入了聊天室。".format(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()) , name).encode("gbk"))) while True: try: response = base64.b64decode(sock.recv(4096)).decode("gbk") for client in self.users.values(): if client[1] == room_id: msg = "{}：用户{}发送消息：{}".format(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()) , name, response) client[0].send(base64.b64encode(msg.encode("gbk"))) except ConnectionResetError: print("{}房间的{}用户{}已经退出聊天!".format(room_id, addr, name)) self.users.pop(addr) self.rooms[room_id].remove(name) for client in self.users.values(): if client[1] == room_id: client[0].send(base64.b64encode( "{}：用户{}已经退出聊天!".format(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()) , name).encode("gbk"))) break def close_sever(self): for client in self.users.values(): client.close() self.sock.close() sys.exit() if __name__ == "__main__": sever = ChatSever() sever.start_sever() while True: cmd = input() if cmd == "stop": print("正在关闭...") sever.close_sever() else: pass
客户端 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 import base64 import socket import sys import threading import json s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) addr = ("triority.cn", 12345) room_id = input("请输入房间号：") name = input("请输入你的昵称：") client = {"room_id": room_id, "name": name} s.connect(addr) s.send(base64.b64encode(json.dumps(client).encode("gbk"))) def recv_msg(): print("连接成功！现在可以接收消息！\n") while True: try: response = base64.b64decode(s.recv(4096)).decode("gbk") print(response) except ConnectionResetError: print("服务器关闭，聊天已结束！") s.close() break sys.exit() def send_msg(): print("连接成功！现在可以发送消息！\n") print("窗口底部输入消息后按回车发送") print("发送esc退出聊天") while True: msg = input() if msg == "esc": print("你退出了聊天") s.close() break s.send(base64.b64encode(msg.encode("gbk"))) sys.exit() threads = [threading.Thread(target=recv_msg), threading.Thread(target=send_msg)] for t in threads: t.start()
改进 上面的已经可以实现我想要的功能了，但是要改进的话，显而易见的以后也有可能再写个GUI吧，不过那是以后的事，现在想的是加一个log功能，服务端保存登入登出记录的数据，由于每个与客户端的连接都在不同线程，这就涉及到了多线程对同一文件同时修改的问题，也就需要线程锁来保证同一时间只有一个线程在读写文件
线程锁 多线程的冲突 由于线程之间的全局变量是共享的，因此在多线程访问的时候可以会有一些问题：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 import threading a = 0 def do_thread1(): global a for i in range(1000000): a += 1 def do_thread2(): global a for i in range(1000000): a += 1 if __name__ == '__main__': print('---------main begin ----------') t1 = threading.Thread(target=do_thread1) t2 = threading.Thread(target=do_thread2) t1.start() t2.start() t1.join() t2.join() print(a) print('---------main end ----------')
理论上说结果应该是2000000，但是实际上由于可能一个线程取出a还没增加时另一个线程执行了a增加操作，就会浪费一次运算次数，所以实际输出不一定是多少，比如我这一次：
1 2 3 4 5 ---------main begin ---------- 1724297 ---------main end ---------- Process finished with exit code 0
访问共同资源的时候加锁 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 import threading a = 0 def do_thread1(): global a for i in range(1000000): mutex.acquire() a += 1 mutex.release() def do_thread2(): global a for i in range(1000000): mutex.acquire() # 加锁 a += 1 mutex.release() # 解锁 if __name__ == '__main__': print('---------main begin ----------') mutex = threading.Lock() # 创建一把锁 t1 = threading.Thread(target=do_thread1) t2 = threading.Thread(target=do_thread2) t1.start() t2.start() t1.join() t2.join() print(a) print('---------main end ----------')
先使用threading.Lock()方法获得一个锁，默认是没上锁的状态，当两个线程开始执行后，开始同时竞争这一把锁。那个线程先获得到锁哪个线程就可以继续执行，获得不到锁的线程只能在原地阻塞等待释放锁。这样就保证了同一时刻只能有一个线程访问全局变量，某段关键代码只能由一个线程从头到尾完整地执行。
这一次输出是正确的：
1 2 3 4 5 ---------main begin ---------- 2000000 ---------main end ---------- Process finished with exit code 0
带有log的服务端 回到我们的服务端程序，在log记录的线程里，先加锁，再读写文件，再开锁，避免文件写入混乱。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 import socket import sys import threading import time import json import base64 class ChatSever: def __init__(self): self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.addr = ("0.0.0.0", 12345) self.users = {} self.rooms = {} def start_sever(self): try: self.sock.bind(self.addr) except Exception as e: print(e) self.sock.listen(1024) print("服务器已开启，等待连接...") self.accept_cont() def accept_cont(self): mutex = threading.Lock() while True: s, addr = self.sock.accept() client_note = json.loads(base64.b64decode(s.recv(1024)).decode("gbk")) room_id = client_note["room_id"] name = client_note["name"] self.users[addr] = [s, room_id, name] if room_id in self.rooms: self.rooms[room_id].append(name) else: self.rooms[room_id] = [name] print("{}连接成功，{}已加入房间{}，其中有{}位用户:{}，服务端当前连接的用户共有{}位".format(addr , name, room_id, len(self.rooms[room_id]) , self.rooms[room_id], len(self.users))) threading.Thread(target=self.recv_send, args=(s, addr, name, room_id, mutex)).start() def recv_send(self, sock, addr, name, room_id, mutex): sock.send(base64.b64encode("您已成功加入房间{}，当前房间内有{}位用户：{}".format(room_id, len(self.rooms[room_id]) , self.rooms[room_id]).encode('gbk'))) mutex.acquire() log_str = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()) + '：总人数：' + str(len(self.users)) + str( addr) + '以昵称' + name + '加入了房间' + room_id f = open('log.txt', 'a', encoding="utf-8") f.write(log_str + '\n') f.close() mutex.release() for client in self.users.values(): if client[1] == room_id: client[0].send( base64.b64encode("{}：用户{}加入了聊天室。".format(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()) , name).encode("gbk"))) while True: try: response = base64.b64decode(sock.recv(4096)).decode("gbk") for client in self.users.values(): if client[1] == room_id: msg = "{}：用户{}发送消息：{}".format(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()) , name, response) client[0].send(base64.b64encode(msg.encode("gbk"))) except ConnectionResetError: print("{}房间的{}用户{}已经退出聊天!".format(room_id, addr, name)) self.users.pop(addr) self.rooms[room_id].remove(name) mutex.acquire() log_str = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()) + '：总人数：' + str(len(self.users)) + str( addr) + '昵称' + name + '退出了房间' + room_id f = open('log.txt', 'a', encoding="utf-8") f.write(log_str + '\n') f.close() mutex.release() for client in self.users.values(): if client[1] == room_id: client[0].send(base64.b64encode( "{}：用户{}已经退出聊天!".format(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()) , name).encode("gbk"))) break def close_sever(self): for client in self.users.values(): client.close() self.sock.close() sys.exit() if __name__ == "__main__": sever = ChatSever() sever.start_sever() while True: cmd = input() if cmd == "stop": print("正在关闭...") sever.close_sever() else: pass
这样得以实现人数的记录
扫端口 哦突然想起来，以前就有的，经常有人对所有端口各种扫描，会导致无法解析json报错然后程序停止运行，很好解决，给这一段加上，如果无法解析就continue。
1 2 room_id = client_note["room_id"] name = client_note["name"]
这一部分改成：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 try: room_id = client_note["room_id"] name = client_note["name"] except KeyError: s.send('fuck u'.encode('utf-8')) s.close() print('Error client from ' + addr) continue
使用pyqt5带有GUI的客户端 用Qt Designer设计了一个(十分丑陋的)GUI界面。在做的时候遇到一个问题，就是说当GUI窗口关闭之后，获取新消息的子线程仍在工作。原因是主线程执行完自己的任务以后，就退出了，此时子线程会继续执行自己的任务，直到自己的任务结束，显然我们的子线程任务是一个死循环。
解决方法是将线程设置为一个守护线程，主线程退出时子线程也会被强制关闭。
1 2 t = threading.Thread(target=recv_msg) t.setDaemon(True)
这样只要关闭GUI窗口，recv_msg函数的线程也会被关闭。
1 pyinstaller -F -w -i LOGO.ico -n PyQt5_SecretChat pyqt5_client.py
全部客户端代码：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets import sys import base64 import socket import threading import json s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) addr = ("triority.cn", 12345) def recv_msg(): print("消息接收线程已启动") while True: try: response = base64.b64decode(s.recv(4096)).decode("gbk") Ui_MainWindow.string_add(ui, response) except ConnectionResetError: Ui_MainWindow.string_add(ui, "服务器关闭，聊天室已关闭！") s.close() break print("消息接收线程已关闭") class Ui_MainWindow(object): def __init__(self): self.t = threading.Thread(target=recv_msg) self.t.setDaemon(True) def setupUi(self, MainWindow): MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow") MainWindow.resize(1117, 857) self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow) self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") self.verticalLayoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self.centralwidget) self.verticalLayoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(9, 9, 1101, 811)) self.verticalLayoutWidget.setObjectName("verticalLayoutWidget") self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.verticalLayoutWidget) self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0) self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout") self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout() self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout") self.lineEdit_2 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.verticalLayoutWidget) self.lineEdit_2.setInputMask("") self.lineEdit_2.setMaxLength(512) self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName("lineEdit_2") self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit_2) self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.verticalLayoutWidget) self.lineEdit.setMaxLength(512) self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit") self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit) self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.verticalLayoutWidget) self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton") self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton) self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout) self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.verticalLayoutWidget) sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding) sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0) sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0) sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.label.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth()) self.label.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy) self.label.setObjectName("label") self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.label) self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout() self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2") self.lineEdit_3 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.verticalLayoutWidget) self.lineEdit_3.setObjectName("lineEdit_3") self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.lineEdit_3) self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.verticalLayoutWidget) self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2") self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton_2) self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2) MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow) self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar") MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar) self.retranslateUi(MainWindow) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow) self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.connect_room) self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.send) self.lineEdit_3.textChanged.connect(self.text_changed) def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow): _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "SecretChat")) self.lineEdit_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "请在此输入你们的房间号")) self.lineEdit.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "请在此输入你想使用的昵称")) self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "进入聊天室")) self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "")) self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "发送消息")) def connect_room(self): name = self.lineEdit.text() room_id = self.lineEdit_2.text() client = {"room_id": room_id, "name": name} s.connect(addr) s.send(base64.b64encode(json.dumps(client).encode("gbk"))) self.pushButton.setEnabled(False) self.lineEdit.setEnabled(False) self.lineEdit_2.setEnabled(False) self.t.start() self.string_add('正在加入聊天室：'+room_id+'...') def send(self): text = self.lineEdit_3.text() s.send(base64.b64encode(text.encode("gbk"))) self.lineEdit_3.setText('') def string_add(self, message): string = self.label.text() if string.count('\n') > 40: ind1 = string.find('\n') string = string[ind1 + 1:] string += message + '\n' self.label.setText(string) def text_changed(self): msg = self.lineEdit_3.text() if '=' in msg: msg = msg.replace('=', '') self.lineEdit_3.setText(msg) self.send() if __name__ == "__main__": app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv) MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow() ui = Ui_MainWindow() ui.setupUi(MainWindow) MainWindow.show() sys.exit(app.exec_())
wechat
